Artisanal miners often dig for these riches on lands licensed to large companies, sometimes prompting violent state intervention.
- ICG
The government should instead foster better ways for citizens to share in the mineral wealth.
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Competition between industrial and artisanal miners is a source of tension in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
In the mineral-rich provinces of Haut-Katanga and Lualaba, state security forces intervened in 2019 to expel over 10,000 artisanal miners who were encroaching on two of the…