How 1,000 years of Arabic scholarship advanced scientific debate – in pictures

From the 9th to the 19th centuries, scholars and scribes used Arabic as a lingua franca to debate scientific ideas.

• Claire Shaw
• The Guardian

Arabic-speaking scholars translated classical Greek, Persian and even Sanskrit texts on topics such as medicine, mathematics and astronomy.

These scholars went far beyond translation and preservation and fostered a unique and vibrant scientific culture within the Arabic-speaking…

• How 1,000 years…